Who Has Heard LDEs?

• First reported in Nature magazine in 1928 by shortwave broadcast stations in the Netherlands, using 10KW transmitters near 10 MHz.

• By 1970, at least 50 Amateurs had reported hearing LDEs on HF. By 1972, over 90 reported hearing LDEs.

• Clive GW3NJW: ``In 40 years I have only ever experienced this once, and that was about three years ago on 3.5 MHz, with a delay such that I heard my complete callsign at about 30 wpm, probably about one to two seconds [delay]...''

• Me, WM5R.